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Primary and Secondary Sources Guide: Home

This guide will introduce you to the exciting world of primary sources and how they can support your research and study.

What is a primary source?

(日本語: 餓鬼草紙 (がきぞうし) Hungry Ghosts Scroll held at Kyoto National Museum)


A primary resource contains original or direct evidence of something. For example, the scroll above would be a primary resource because it is a cultural record, it is a person's story and drawing of something they have created themselves. Another way to think about it is that primary sources are all about the way the information was recorded, the recording of the information is the source rather than a discussion of sources. Primary sources are recorded in oral histories, drawings or research.


Primary Sources would include:

  • Original research
  • Art work/ drawings
  • A personal diary/ memoirs
  • A scientific measurement

What is a secondary source?

A secondary source is not an original source of information but rather describes or analyses or discuses information. For example, a newspaper would be a secondary source because it has collected the information from other sources and then presented them as a story.


Secondary sources would include:

  • Books
  • Dictionaries
  • Newspapers
  • Reports

Journal articles can be both secondary or primary. A journal article will be primary where it is original research, for example, where something is being measured in the article.

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